The construction of gigantic kofun is the result of the relatively centralized governmental structure in the Nara Basin, possibly the origin of the Yamato polity and the Imperial lineage of Japan.ĭuring the 5th century AD, the construction of keyhole kofun began in Yamato Province continued in Kawachi, where gigantic kofun, such as Daisen Kofun of the Emperor Nintoku, were built and then throughout the country. According to the books, Japan was called Wa, which was the confederation of numerous small tribes or countries. Some scholars assume the buried person of Hashihaka kofun was the shadowy ancient Queen Himiko of Yamataikoku, mentioned in the Chinese historical texts. Bronze mirrors, iron swords, magatama, clay vessels and other artifacts were found in good condition in undisturbed tombs. Finally, megalithic stones formed the roof. A wooden coffin was placed on the bottom of a shaft, and the surrounding walls were built up by flat stones. During the next three decades, about 10 kofun were built in the area, which are now called as the Makimuku Kofun Group.
Its scale is obviously different from previous Yayoi tombs. Hashihaka Kofun, which was built in the middle of the 3rd century AD, is 280 metres long and 30 metres high. One of the first keyhole-shaped kofun was built in the Makimuku area, the southeastern part of the Nara Basin. Panoramic view of Hashinaka Kofun in Sakurai, Nara Hyōgo Prefecture has the most of all prefectures (16,577 sites), and Chiba Prefecture has the second most (13,112 sites). Ī total of 161,560 kofun tomb sites have been found as of 2001. Kofun burial mounds and their remains have been found all over Japan, including remote islands such as Nishinoshima. The wall paintings have been designated national treasures and the grave goods as important cultural property, while the tumulus is a special historic site. A stone coffin was placed in the chamber, and accessories, swords, and bronze mirrors were laid both inside and outside the coffin. Inside the tightly assembled rocks, white lime plasters were pasted, and colored pictures depict the 'Asuka Beauties' of the court as well as constellations. In 1972, the unlooted Takamatsuzuka Tomb was found in Asuka, and some details of the discovery were revealed. The funeral chamber was located beneath the round part and comprised a group of megaliths. The largest, which has been attributed to Emperor Nintoku, is Daisen Kofun in Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture. Kofun range from several metres to over 400m long. Haniwa, terracotta figures, were arrayed above and in the surroundings to delimit and protect the sacred areas. For example, in the Saki Kofun group, all of the circular parts are facing north, but there is no such formation in the Yanagimoto kofun group. There are also circular-type ( empun ( 円墳)), "two conjoined rectangles" typed ( zenpō-kōhō-fun ( 前方後方墳)), and square-type ( hōfun ( 方墳)) kofun. The most common type of kofun is known as a zenpō-kōen-fun ( 前方後円墳), which is shaped like a keyhole, having one square end and one circular end, when viewed from above.
The kofun tumuli have assumed various shapes throughout history.
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